To handle the scale and velocity of AI-written code, we will have no choice but to let AI manage our infrastructure too. Yet Andrej Karpathy recently described getting an app running in production as “assembling IKEA furniture”: cloud consoles, API keys, copy-pasted config, glue, … all things that sit outside the code an LLM can reason about. Frontier models are trained on billions of lines of real languages like Python, TypeScript, and Go, and vanishingly little bespoke DSLs and manual procedures. By modeling infrastructure in code space so the LLM can do what it does best — code — we just need an oracle that can map code changes back to infrastructure outcomes. In this talk, I’ll share what we’ve learned at Pulumi working alongside leading AI companies and frontier labs to build for a world where agents manage infrastructure. The platforms that win in this new era will look different, but many of the human-ergonomic benefits of programming languages are what will get us there.
